Evaluation of changes in indicators of oncological service for laryngopharyngeal cancer in Kazakhstan

Abstract

According to the forecasts of the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2040, about 127 thousand new cases of laryngopharyngeal cancer (LFC) are predicted and it is expected that about 60 thousand people will die from this pathology.

Objective: evaluation of some indicators of the oncological service for laryngopharyngeal cancer in Kazakhstan for 2017-2021.

Methods. The material of the study was the data of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan – annual Form No. 7 and 35 concerning LFC (ICD 10 – C12, C13, C14) for 2017-2021 – incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification. A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the main method.

Results. For the period 2017-2021, 802 new cases of LFC and 477 deaths from this pathology were registered for the first time in the republic. The average annual crude incidence rate of LFC was 0.87±0.02⁰/₀₀₀₀ (95%CI=0.82-0.91) and decreased in dynamics from 0.90±0.07⁰/₀₀₀₀ (2017) to 0.86±0.07⁰/₀₀₀₀ in 2021, the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). In dynamics, mortality rates from LFC tended to increase from 0.48±0.05⁰/₀₀₀₀ (2017) to 0.53±0.05⁰/₀₀₀₀ in 2021 (p>0.05), and the average annual crude mortality rate from LFC was 0.52±0.02⁰/₀₀₀₀ (95%CI=0.47-0.56). Indicators of early diagnosis (the proportion of patients with stage I-II) decreased from 27.2% (2017) to 22.7% in 2021, the proportion of patients with stage III (from 60.5% to 62.6%) and stage IV (from 12.3% to 14.7%) increased over the years studied. The indicators of morphological verification at LFC were quite high and improved from 96.9% to 98.2% over the years studied.

Conclusion. As a result of the analysis of the indicators of the oncological service at LFC, a decrease in incidence rates, an increase in neglect and mortality rates have been established, which health managers should undoubtedly pay attention to and take into account when organizing targeted anti-cancer measures.