Evaluation Changes in Indicators of Oncological Service in Colon Cancer in Kazakhstan

Abstract

According to World Health Organization (2020), about 1.148.515 new cases of colon cancer (СС) are registered annually. Colorectal cancer currently (2020) ranks fourth (9.4%) in the structure of cancer incidence in Kazakhstan. At the same time, about 4.9% of new cases of all registered cases of cancer annually account for CC.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate some indicators of the oncological service of Kazakhstan on CC in 2010-2019.
Methods. The material of study was the data of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan – annual Form No. 7 and 35 concerning CC (ICD 10 – C18) for 2010-2019 – morbidity, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification. A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the main method.
Results. In 2010-2019, 15.834 new cases of CC and 7.694 deaths from this pathology were registered in Kazakhstan. CC incidence tended to increase from 8.3±0.2⁰/₀₀₀₀ (2010) to 8.8±0.2⁰/₀₀₀₀ in 2019 (p=0.077). In dynamics, mortality rates from СC tended to decrease from 4.9±0.2⁰/₀₀₀₀ (2010) to 3.9±0.1⁰/₀₀₀₀
in 2019 (p=0.000). The study reveals a trend: the indicators of early diagnosis (the proportion of patients with stage I-II) improved from 31.4% (2010) to 57.4% in 2019, and, accordingly, the proportion of neglected patients decreased significantly with stage III (from 49.4% to 29.2%) and with stage IV (from 18.7% to 12.8%). Morphological verification indicators for СС improved by 34.2%, from 85.2% and 95.2%, respectively, in 2010 and 2019.
Conclusions. Positive changes in the indicators of the oncological service were revealed: an increase in the proportion of morphological verification and early detection, a decrease in the proportion of patients with stage III-IV at the time of diagnosis and a decrease in mortality from СC. All this indicates a positive effect of the anti-cancer measures used, such as screening for CRC.